"""
This is bubble
"""
#from __future__ import print_function
def bubble_sort(collection):
length = len(collection)
for i in range(length - 1, -1, -1):
for j in range(i):
if collection[j] > collection[j+1]:
collection[j], collection[j+1] = collection[j+1], collection[j]
return collection
def bubble_while(collection):
i = len(collection) - 1
while i >=0 :
j = 0
while j < i - 1:
if collection[j] > collection[j+1]:
collection[j], collection[j+1] = collection[j+1], collection[j]
j = j + 1
i = i - 1
return collection
L = [2,3,1,3,5,542,5,45,3,3]
print(bubble_sort(L))
print(bubble_while(L))
>>> L = ['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy', 'Bob', 'Jack']
>>> L[0:3] # 从索引0开始取，直到索引3为止，但不包括索引3。
['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']
>>> L[:3] # 从索引0开始取，直到索引3为止，但不包括索引3。这里省略了0.
['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']
>>> L[1:3]
['Sarah', 'Tracy']
>>> L[-2:]
['Bob', 'Jack']
>>> L[-2:-1]
['Bob']
>>> L = list(range(100))
>>> L
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61
, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 8
1, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> L[:10]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> L[-10:]
[90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> L[10:20]
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
>>> L[:10:2] # 每隔两个元素取一个
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> L[::5]
[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95]
>>> L[:]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61
, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 8
1, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> 'abcdefg'[:3]
'abc'
>>> 'abcdefg'[::2]
'aceg'
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import threading
import time
def tcplink(sock, addr):
print('Accept new connection from %s:%s...' % addr)
sock.send(b'Welcome!')
while True:
data = sock.recv(1024)
time.sleep(1)
if not data or data.decode('utf-8') == 'exit':
break
sock.send(('Hello, %s!' % data.decode('utf-8')).encode('utf-8'))
sock.close()
print('Connection from %s:%s closed.' % addr)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
s.listen(5)
print('Waiting for connection...')
while True:
sock, addr = s.accept()
t = threading.Thread(target = tcplink, args = (sock, addr))
t.start()
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
print(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
for data in [b'Michael', b'Tracy', b'Sarah']:
s.send(data)
print(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
s.send(b'exit')
s.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
from_addr = input('From: ')
password = input('Password: ')
to_addr = input('To: ')
smtp_server = input('SMTP server: ')
msg = MIMEText('hello, send by Python...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python Lover <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('jian <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP', 'utf-8').encode()
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
range(stop) -> range object
range(start, stop[, step]) -> range object
Return a sequence of numbers from start to stop by step.
>>> list(range(10))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> list(range(2,10))
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> list(range(2, 10, 2))
[2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> list(range(10, 2))
[]
>>> list(range(10, 2, -1))
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]
>>> list(range(10, -1, -1))
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>> list(range(10, -1, -2))
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0]
c++11 之后在STL中引入了thread
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
void foo()
{
std::cout << "foo thread thread id: " << std::this_thread::get_id() << '\n';
}
void bar(int x)
{
std::cout << "bar thread thread id: " << std::this_thread::get_id() << '\n';
}
int main()
{
std::thread first(foo);
std::thread second(bar, 0);
std::cout << "main thread id: " << std::this_thread::get_id() << '\n';
first.join();
second.join();
std::cout << "main end\n";
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
std::thread::id main_thread_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
void is_main_thread()
{
if (main_thread_id == std::this_thread::get_id())
std::cout << "This is the main thread.\n";
else
std::cout << "This is no the main thread.\n";
}
int main()
{
is_main_thread();
std::thread th(is_main_thread);
th.join();
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
void pause_thread(int n)
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n));
std::cout << "pause of " << n << " seconds ended\n";
}
int main()
{
std::cout << "Spawning and detaching 3 threads...\n";
std::thread(pause_thread, 1).detach();
std::thread(pause_thread, 2).detach();
std::thread(pause_thread, 3).detach();
std::cout << "Done spawning threads.\n";
std::cout << "(the main thread will now pause for 5 seconds)\n";
pause_thread(5);
return 0;
}
/*
output:
Spawning and detaching 3 threads...
Done spawning threads.
(the main thread will now pause for 5 seconds)
pause of 1 seconds ended
pause of 2 seconds ended
pause of 3 seconds ended
pause of 5 seconds ended
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
void mythread()
{
std::cout << "mythread\n";
}
int main()
{
std::thread foo;
std::thread bar(mythread);
std::cout << "Joinable after construction:\n" << std::boolalpha;
std::cout << "foo: " << foo.joinable() << '\n';
std::cout << "bar: " << bar.joinable() << '\n';
if (foo.joinable())
foo.join();
if (bar.joinable())
bar.join();
std::cout << "Joinable after construction:\n" << std::boolalpha;
std::cout << "foo: " << foo.joinable() << '\n';
std::cout << "bar: " << bar.joinable() << '\n';
return 0;
}
/*
output:
mythread
Joinable after construction:
foo: false
bar: true
Joinable after construction:
foo: false
bar: false
*/